Amino acids and their structure:
Amino acids are the compound having both amino group(-NH2) and carboxylic acid(-COOH) group. Amino acids are the monomeric units ( building blocks) of proteins.
More than 300 amino acids are found in nature ,of these only, few (20 amino acids) are present in body proteins. These amino acids are called protein amino acids. Other amino acids which are not found in the protein are called non-protein amino acid.
STRUCTURE :
Primary amino acids (standard amino acids) are all alpha-amino acids as both amino group and carboxylic group attach to the alpha carbon atom. Third vacancy of alpha carbon occupied by H atom .Fourth position of alpha carbon is occupied by a side chain, commonly called R- group. Free amino group is written at the left side of free carbonyl group is written at the right side.
L amino acid have NH2 in the left side and COOH in the right side. Only L amino acid are found in our body. Body proteins and food proteins have only L- amino acids.
Glycine is only amino acid which closes not an asymmetric carbon atom (a carbon atom attached to different groups), so it does not have L-and D- configuration.
Classification of amino acids:
Based on the chemical structure amino acids are classified into 7 structural group
1. Aliphatic amino acids:
a) Non-branched amino acid:
i)Glycine ii) Alanine
b) Branched amino acids:
i) Valine ii) Leucine iii) Isoleucine
2.Aromatic amino acids:
i) Phenyl alanine ii) Tyrosine iii) Tryptophan iv) Histidine
3. Hydroxy amino acids:
i) Serine ii) Threonine
4.Acidic amino acids:
i) Aspartic acid ii) Glutamic acid
5. Basic amino acids:
i) Lysine ii) Arginine
6.Sulpher containing amino acids:
i)Cystine ii) Methionine
7. Amino acids with amide group:
i) Aspargine ii) Glutamine
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